Automobile manufacturer (1863-1947)

Born in Dearborn, Michigan, he enjoyed tinkering with machinery from a young age. While working for the Edison Illuminating Co., he experimented with internal combustion engines and "gasoline buggy" designs. In 1899 he left Edison to enter the nascent automobile industry. After his initial venture folded, he formed the Ford Motor Company in 1903 and soon made it the undisputed industry leader. While other manufacturers saw cars as luxury items for the wealthy, Ford stressed efficient mass production of sturdy, affordable vehicles for the growing middle-class market. In 1908, he introduced the Model T, which dominated the industry for over a decade. In the 1920s, however, Ford fell behind its competitors in both technological development and consumer savvy (most famously, by its refusal to offer the Model T in any color but black). The introduction of the Model A in 1928 improved the company's standing, though it never regained the overwhelming market dominance of earlier years.





Henry Ford (1863-1947), industrialist


Ford's rags-to-riches career made him a capitalist folk hero to many. He reveled in his celebrity and pronounced his views on the great issues of the day. In 1915, he organized the "Ford Peace Ship," a group of pacificist who sailed to Europe in a vain attempt to mediate between the warring nations. In 1918, he lost a campaign for the Senate. In the 1920s, he published virulently anti-Semitic articles in company newspapers, and in the 1930s expressed admiration for Hitler. Ford also took an innovative approach to labor relations, paying significantly higher wages than competitors but also fiercely, often violently, resisting unionization. By 1940, Ford had amassed a fortune in excess of one billion dollars, much of which he gave to charity through his philanthropic foundations.